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Experts have debated whether American national politics is currently in the era of Sixth Party System, or the Fifth Party System continues in some form to the present. Opinions also differ on when the Sixth Party System began, ranging from the 1960s to the 1990s election cycles. Maisel and Brewer (2011) argue that the consensus among specialists is that the Sixth System is underway based on American electoral politics since the 1960s: The Sixth Party System is characterized by an electoral shift from the electoral coalitions of the Fifth Party System during the New Deal: the Republican Party became the dominant party in the South, rural areas, and suburbs; while the Democratic Party increasingly started to rely on a coalition of African-Americans, Hispanics and white urban Progressives. A critical factor was the major transformation of the political system in the Reagan Era or "Age of Reagan" of the 1980s and beyond led by Ronald Reagan.〔Sean Wilentz, ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 (2008)''〕 However, no clear disciplinary consensus has been forged on an electoral event responsible for shifting presidential and congressional control since the Great Depression, when the Fifth Party System emerged. Much of the work published on the subject has been by political scientists explaining the events of their time as either the imminent breakup of the Fifth Party System, and the installation of a new one or that this transition took place some time ago.〔e.g. Paulson (2006) argues that a decisive realignment took place in the late 1960s.〕 Other current writing on the Fifth Party System expresses admiration of its longevity: the first four systems lasted about 30 to 40 years each, which would have implied that the early twenty-first century should see a Seventh Party System.〔Aldrich (1999).〕 It is also possible, as argued in (Jensen 1981) and elsewhere, that the party system has given way, not to a new party system, but to a period of dealignment in politics. Previous party systems ended with the dominant party losing two consecutive House elections by large margins, with a presidential election coinciding with or immediately following (in 1896) the second house election—decisive electoral evidence of political realignment. This took place in 2006–8 in favor of the Democrats, but the Republicans won the elections of 2010 by their biggest landslide since 1946 and finished the 2014 elections with their greatest number of U.S. House seats since 1928. == Dating == Opinions differ on when the Sixth Party System began, varying from elections of 1966-68 or the 1980s when both parties began to become more unified and partisan, to the 1990s over cultural divisions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Perpetual Crisis and the Sixth Party System )〕 Craig argues for the 1972 elections, when Richard Nixon won a 49-state landslide. He notes that, "There seems to be consensus on the appropriate name for the sixth party system.... Changes that occurred during the 1960s were so great and so pervasive that they cry out to be called a critical-election period. The new system of candidate-centered parties is so distinct and so portentous that one can no longer deny its existence or its character."〔Stephen C. Craig, ''Broken Contract? Changing Relationships between Americans and Their Government'' (1996) p 105〕 ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History'' dates the start in 1980, with the election of Reagan and a Republican Senate.〔Michael Kazin, et al. eds, The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History'' (2009) Vol. 2 p 288〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sixth Party System」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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